Distribution and Population Systems of Green Frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) in Kaliningrad Oblast’, Russia (Baltic Sea Region)

S. N. Litvinchuk, L. J. Borkin, Y. S. Litvinchuk, J. M. Rosanov

Abstract


The occurrence of three green frog taxa (Pelophylax lessonae, P. ridibundus, and P. esculentus) in Kaliningrad oblast’ of Russia was evidenced by DNA flow cytometry analysis. Almost all frogs were diploid. Only one young specimen of P. esculentus proved to be a triploid with two genomes of P. ridibundus and one genome of P. lessonae. The triploidy occurrence among hybrids was equal to 1.1%. Two species (P. lessonae and P. esculentus) seem to be distributed over all territory of Kaliningrad oblast’. The third species (P. ridibundus) predominantly inhabits the western part of the region, where it can be found in brackish water bodies (4.7 – 6.7‰). Six population systems were revealed; with a single species (R, L, and, probably, E) and with mixed species populations (L-E, R-E, and R-E-L). The study of P. esculentus sperm in males taken from the R-E, L-E, and R-E-L systems demonstrated that all of them produced gametes with the ridibundus genome.

Keywords


Ranidae; DNA flow cytometry; genome size; hybrids; triploidy; water salinity tolerance; color deviations.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2015-22-3-188-196

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